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	<title>TCP/IP - zaur.it</title>
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	<link>https://zaur.it</link>
	<description>Practical tools and guides for system administrators</description>
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	<title>TCP/IP - zaur.it</title>
	<link>https://zaur.it</link>
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	<item>
		<title>arp command in Windows: reading the ARP cache and finding duplicate IPs</title>
		<link>https://zaur.it/arp-command-windows-arp-cache/</link>
					<comments>https://zaur.it/arp-command-windows-arp-cache/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zaur Bahramov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2026 09:17:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking and DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://zaur.it/?p=2641</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Before a Windows machine can put a packet on the wire for a host on its own subnet, it needs that host's MAC address. The Address Resolution Protocol asks for it, and Windows keeps the answer in the ARP cache so it does not have to ask again for every frame. The arp command is [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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		<title>route print and route add on Windows: read the routing table and make static routes stick</title>
		<link>https://zaur.it/route-print-route-add-windows/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zaur Bahramov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2026 08:35:11 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking and DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://zaur.it/?p=2629</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Every packet that leaves a Windows machine is matched against the local IP routing table before anything touches the wire. The table decides which interface the packet goes out of and which next hop it is handed to. When traffic to one subnet is slow, blackholed, or leaving through the wrong adapter on a multi-homed [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>tracert and pathping in Windows: reading hop latency and packet loss</title>
		<link>https://zaur.it/tracert-pathping-windows/</link>
					<comments>https://zaur.it/tracert-pathping-windows/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zaur Bahramov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2026 08:22:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking and DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://zaur.it/?p=2617</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[tracert maps the routers a packet passes through on the way to a destination, and pathping takes that same hop list and measures how many packets each hop and each link actually loses. Both ship with every Windows install, both run from a normal unelevated prompt, and between them they answer the question a ping [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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		<title>Test-NetConnection in Windows: the PowerShell replacement for ping, telnet and tracert</title>
		<link>https://zaur.it/test-netconnection-powershell-windows/</link>
					<comments>https://zaur.it/test-netconnection-powershell-windows/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zaur Bahramov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 08:18:48 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking and DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ports]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://zaur.it/?p=2568</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Test-NetConnection is the built-in PowerShell cmdlet that answers the three questions a sysadmin asks when something on the network stops working: can I reach the host at all, is the TCP port actually open, and which path does the traffic take. It ships with Windows in the NetTCPIP module, so there is nothing to install [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>netsh command in Windows</title>
		<link>https://zaur.it/netsh-command-windows/</link>
					<comments>https://zaur.it/netsh-command-windows/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zaur Bahramov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2026 23:00:11 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking and DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://zaur.it/?p=2145</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[netsh (Network Shell) is a command-line scripting utility built into Windows that lets you configure and inspect virtually every aspect of networking from a terminal - no GUI required. It operates through a context hierarchy: you enter a context like interface or http, then run subcommands within it. Everything from IP address assignment to Windows [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://zaur.it/netsh-command-windows/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>ipconfig command in Windows: beyond /all</title>
		<link>https://zaur.it/ipconfig-command-in-windows-beyond-all/</link>
					<comments>https://zaur.it/ipconfig-command-in-windows-beyond-all/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zaur Bahramov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2026 09:20:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking and DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troubleshooting]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://zaur.it/?p=1997</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Every Windows administrator knows ipconfig /all. It is usually the first command run when something on the network stops working. But ipconfig does more than display adapter information - it can flush the DNS cache, force a DHCP lease renewal, trigger DNS re-registration, and display or release addresses on specific adapters. These flags are the [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://zaur.it/ipconfig-command-in-windows-beyond-all/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>How to check open ports on Windows: built-in tools vs Port Checker</title>
		<link>https://zaur.it/how-to-check-open-ports-on-windows-built-in-tools-vs-port-checker/</link>
					<comments>https://zaur.it/how-to-check-open-ports-on-windows-built-in-tools-vs-port-checker/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zaur Bahramov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 09:34:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking and DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ports]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troubleshooting]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://zaur.it/?p=1981</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Checking whether a port is open - on the local machine or on a remote server - comes up in almost every troubleshooting scenario involving services, firewalls, or application connectivity. Windows has two built-in tools for this: netstat in CMD for local port state, and Test-NetConnection in PowerShell for testing connectivity to remote hosts. Each [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://zaur.it/how-to-check-open-ports-on-windows-built-in-tools-vs-port-checker/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>NETSTAT command in Windows</title>
		<link>https://zaur.it/netstat-command-windows/</link>
					<comments>https://zaur.it/netstat-command-windows/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zaur Bahramov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 08:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking and DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ports]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://zaur.it/?p=1926</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[When a port is unreachable, a service is not responding, or something is holding a connection open, netstat is the first command to run. It shows exactly what is listening on which port, which connections are established, which processes own those connections, and what the local routing table looks like - all without installing anything [&#8230;]]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>IP Subnetting Cheat Sheet</title>
		<link>https://zaur.it/ip-subnetting-cheat-sheet/</link>
					<comments>https://zaur.it/ip-subnetting-cheat-sheet/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zaur Bahramov]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2026 14:38:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Networking and DNS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cheat sheet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://zaur.it/?p=1056</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Complete IPv4 and IPv6 subnetting reference. Subnet masks, CIDR notation, binary breakdown, private ranges, VLSM examples, and key formulas.]]></description>
		
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			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
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